Ask the Expert: Deep Brain Stimulation Therapy for Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by tremors, stiffness, and difficulty with movement. While medications can help manage symptoms, their effectiveness often diminishes over time. Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) has emerged as a promising treatment for individuals with advanced PD who no longer respond well to medications. In general, patients can be considered for the procedure 4 years after the start of the tremors to make sure the diagnosis of idiopathic PD is correct and avoid surgery in patients with other conditions that may also show tremors.

DBS is a surgical procedure that involves implanting electrodes into specific areas of the brain, typically the subthalamic nucleus (STN) or the globus pallidus interna (GPi). These electrodes are connected to a pulse generator, implanted in the chest, which sends electrical impulses to modulate abnormal brain activity. This stimulation helps alleviate motor symptoms and improves overall quality of life.

The surgery is performed in two stages. First, the electrodes are implanted while the patient is awake (sometimes asleep), allowing surgeons to precisely target the affected brain regions. In the second stage, performed under general anesthesia, the pulse generator is implanted and connected to the electrodes. Once activated, the device can be adjusted non-invasively to optimize symptom relief.

DBS can significantly improve motor symptoms such as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia (slowness of movement). Unlike medications, which may cause fluctuations in symptom control, DBS provides more consistent relief. Many patients experience reduced dependence on Parkinson’s medications, leading to fewer side effects such as dyskinesias (involuntary movements). Additionally, DBS can enhance mobility, coordination, and overall quality of life.

As with any surgery, there are risks. Potential complications include infection, bleeding in the brain, and hardware-related issues such as electrode displacement. Some patients may experience temporary side effects, including speech difficulties, mood changes, or cognitive impairments. While DBS can alleviate motor symptoms, it does not cure Parkinson’s or halt disease progression.

Not all PD patients are candidates for DBS. Ideal candidates are those with motor symptoms that respond well to levodopa (a common PD medication) but experience medication-related complications. A thorough evaluation by a neurologist is necessary to determine eligibility.

Deep Brain Stimulation is a valuable treatment option for individuals with advanced Parkinson’s disease. By offering improved symptom control and reducing medication dependence, DBS can enhance the quality of life for many patients. However, careful patient selection and ongoing management are essential for achieving the best outcomes.

About Dr. Juan Torres-Reveron

Torres-Reveron is a board-certified neurological surgeon with over 17 years of experience in the field. He is committed to delivering the highest level of care for patients suffering from disorders of the brain, nerves, and spine. His expertise includes treating movement disorders such as Parkinson’s disease and essential tremor, as well as surgical treatment of intractable epilepsy.

Dr. Juan Torres-Reveron, DHR Health Neurosurgeon
5519 Doctors Drive Edinburg, TX 78539
To schedule an appointment, call (956) 362-8500
To learn more about neurology services at DHR Health, visit https://dhrhealth.com/services/neuroscience/

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